The Link Between Gum Disease and Dementia

Gum disease, or periodontitis, is an infection that affects the soft tissues (gums) in your mouth; it’s a leading cause of tooth loss.

But the complications of gum disease aren’t limited to your mouth. Left untreated, gum disease can cause widespread health issues, including an increased risk of heart disease and dementia.

Below, Dr. David Blaustein at Chelsea Dental Aesthetics in New York City zeros in on the link between gum disease and dementia.

The link between gum disease and dementia

Oral health and dementia may not seem related at first, but there’s a link: bacteria. Your mouth is home to about 700 species of microbes, including bacteria. Some of these species 一 especially Porphyromonas gingivalis 一 contribute to gum disease.

With an infection, you may notice deep periodontal pockets, recessed gums, inflammation, wiggly teeth, and tender or bleeding gums.

Researchers have found Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in the brains of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, a type of dementia. This finding suggests the bacteria associated with gum disease are also associated with dementia. 

Preventing gum disease

The best ways to reduce your risk of gum disease include:

• Brushing your teeth twice a day
• Flossing between your teeth 
• Quitting smoking, which increases your risk of gum disease
• Managing underlying conditions, such as diabetes
• Eating vitamin C-rich foods, such as oranges, kiwis, and strawberries
• Scheduling routine dental cleanings

If you do spot the early signs of gum disease, such as bleeding gums, address the issue quickly. Gingivitis, the first stage of gum disease, is the easiest to treat, which can reduce the bacteria burden in your mouth.

Preventing dementia

Oral care is just one of many factors that contribute to dementia. You can reduce your risk of developing dementia by:

• Preventing or treating gum disease
• Eating a nutrient-dense diet filled with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Managing underlying conditions, such as high blood pressure and blood sugar levels
• Stimulating your brain with puzzles, hobbies, and board games
• Practicing good sleep hygiene
• Reducing stress 
• Reducing alcohol intake
• Quitting smoking 

All of these lifestyle modifications can have ripple effects on other aspects of your health too, such as heart health and mental well-being. 

What if you spot the signs of gum disease?

Don’t ignore the signs of gum disease. Early symptoms may only involve red or bleeding gums, but more advanced symptoms could include receding gums or shifting teeth.

Dr. Blaustein can help reduce your symptoms regardless of how far your gum disease has advanced. Potential treatments include guidance on improved brushing habits, antibiotics, medicated mouthwashes, and nonsurgical scaling and root planing. 

When you’re ready to talk about periodontal maintenance with Dr. Blaustein, call our office in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan, or schedule your appointment using our online tool.